School Locker Searches

Cynthia Miller Juvenile Justice Procedures Wk. #5 DQ 11/16/2010 Should School Administrators have complete access to School Lockers? Most legal authorities state that the validity of locker searches is dependent on the students' reasonable expectations of privacy, which can be affected by school policies designating the lockers as student or school property, and student notification that the school will conduct periodic searches for contraband or will retain a master key to the locker for spot checks (Student Searches and the Law, 1995).The theory posits that unless school districts have written and distributed a locker policy to students, students may have a high expectation of privacy and school authorities may have to meet higher constitutional standards to conduct a locker search. The reality is that the courts have rarely found a school locker search they didn't like, as their application of T. L. O. ‘s â€Å"reasonable in light of all the circumstances† test has al lowed state courts to override whatever expectation of privacy other citizens may have in similar circumstances (S.C. v. State, 1991). There is utter certainty that state law, school district regulations, or written school policies that require schools to maintain custodianship over lockers and to inform students of this policy in writing will override any student privacy concerns that could theoretically be asserted to disallow a search. Discuss the various reasons why youths take drugs. The transition from adolescence to young adulthood is a crucial period in which experimentation with illicit drugs in many cases begins.Drugs may have strong appeal to young people who are beginning their struggle for independence as they search for identity. Because of their innate curiosity and thirst for new experiences, peer pressures, their resistance to authority, sometimes low self-esteem and problems in establishing positive interpersonal relationships, young people are particularly suscept ible to the allure of drugs. Peer pressure is the most well known reason for teens to partake in substance abuse. Some may argue that teen drug abuse is highly correlated with the behavior of close friends especially when family upervision is weak. This relationship, in fact, is reciprocal: substance abusers seek out friends who engage in similar activities. Associating with drug abusers leads to increased levels of drug abuse. Another explanation is that drug users have a poor family life. Studies show that majority of drug users have had an unhappy childhood which included harsh punishment and parental neglect females and Caucasians who were abused as children are more likely to have alcohol and drug arrests as adults.Youths who learn that dugs provide pleasurable sensations may be most likely to experiment with illegal substances; a habit may develop if the user experience anxiety and fear. With all the reasons for teens to take drugs like social disorganization, for example, I b elieve that the main reason is because of emotional problems and rational choice. References: Juvenile Delinquency: Theory, Practice, and Law, Tenth Edition Larry J. Siegel, Brandon C. Welsh http://www. worldlawdirect. com/article/825/school-locker-searches. html http://www. unodc. org/pdf/document_1999-01-11_2. pdf

Success of BMW Campaign

The BMW campaign consisted of many major and small events which helped to market the new BMW Z3 roadster to the public. However, the question now is whether the campaign is successful in accomplishing that goal. Success of the BMW campaign can be measured in several ways. For example, it can be measured by its objectives (whether the objectives of the campaign have been met) or by the number of pre-orders made. In this case, due to the lack of knowledge about the number of pre-orders made after each event, we will be measuring by its objectives. We have identified 5 major objectives to the campaign as shown in the case. They are: (1) to motivate and stimulate dealer network, (2) develop an Order Bank, (3) reposition BMW as stylish and fun, (4) positioning Z3 in American culture and most importantly, (5) improve BMW’s brand awareness. To see whether the objectives have been met, we shall examine each individual event carefully. Dealer Advertising and Promotions Dealers’ support for BMW Z3 is important in launching this new car to the public. With 345 dealers and only 150 display cars during the promotional period, it proved to be a challenge for this partnership to occur. However, the dealers upgraded to meet the challenge and an order bank was developed. In addition, the dealer promotional package which showcased the private screening of the Golden Eye film and car before the box office film opening proved to be very effective in raising BMW’s brand awareness. As quoted, â€Å"these events attracted great local publicity, appearing in local newspapers, and often reported on metropolitan television and radio†. Their innovative package has also help to reposition BMW as being stylish and fun, which was also a way to help improve the Z3’s standing in the American market. As such, all the objectives have been met for this event, thus proving the success and effectiveness of this event. Product Placement in Golden Eye This non-traditional method of branded entertainment, or more commonly known as product placement, in a movie was very risky, as mentioned in @@@ (benefits and risks). However, Golden Eye turned out to be a hit in the box office in America, selling $26. 2 million in ticket sales. As consumers tend to switch off their resistance mechanism to advertisements during films (O’Guinn, Allen, Semenik, 2009), consumers are being more exposed and susceptible to these subtle advertisements in Golden Eye. As the main idea of tying Z3 with James Bond was to show the fun and ‘cool’ side to the car, it was successful in achieving the objective, together with the success of the movie. As a result, there were positive reviews made by New York Times, Motor Trend Magazine and even Forbes. A more tangible result was that over 9000 Z3 was pre-booked by December 1995 compared to the projected 5000. Needless to say, product placement was the key in the success of the campaign. Neiman Marcus Christmas Catalog Neiman Marcus Catalog was a unique point-of-contact to the consumers because the products it features are usually deemed as very desirable, similar to being a wish list. As proven, 100 orders were made within two days instead of the estimated 20 units sales goal, which came as a pleasant surprise to BMW and Neiman Marcus. In fact, there were 6000 customers’ orders or waiting list applications fighting for the 100 cars. This showed that this promotion idea was effective in selling Z3 to customers. Also, BMW can reach out to more customers via the catalog distribution too. BMW Internet Site The growing usage of Internet caused the popularity of company websites to increase in 1996. With the ‘Build Your Own Roadster’ module added to the site, visitors could visualise their own car from a variety of perspectives. One main benefit was that it could communicate product features or benefits effectively since consumers can examine the virtual car closely. Also, the personalisation effect can cause the consumers to feel a certain emotional bond to the product. Consumers who had spent a lot of effort during the shopping experience would evaluate the product as more favourable and important (Cardozo, 1965). Thus, this could greatly aid in the sales of Z3, assuming that Z3 can be personalised in terms of exterior, interior and top colours too. However, since the website did not have online purchase options at that time, the website could only prove to be useful in raising brand awareness and possibly instil a ‘fun’ factor. Press Launch in Central Park. This event was a major factor in helping not only to promote Z3 as a stylish, fun car but also greatly improving brand awareness. There were extensive coverage in both broadcast and print by major network news programs which improved Z3’s brand awareness drastically. Radio DJ Program This was important in the word-of-mouth effect which had three times the effect of other programs. This buzz marketing, which is a concept of peer-to-peer program, gave rise to conversations about BMW Z3. As the DJs were chosen with care, they were ideal in helping to spread the word about BMW (Khermouch, Green, 2001). This has also helped generate awareness about Z3 as well as positioning it to be fun and stylish. Summary Certainly, these events, whether small or big, have contributed one way or another to the success of the campaign as they reinforced and built upon one another to create a better effect. However, some of the promotional activities were only effective to a certain extent due to the constraint of technology knowledge and tools in that era. Nevertheless, the campaign achieved its goal to introduce and market Z3 into the American market.

Hotel and Resort Reservation System Essay

Introduction The world is turning to be a technological giant due to the pressure of computers and the innovation of computers eventually manufacturing a more definite model of computers and different communication gadgets. This is the competition our world is facing, where computer is set in to improve the technology and aids in the promulgation of many particles what is somewhat impossible to consider. Web applications are popular due to the ubiquity of web browsers, and the convenience of using a web browser as a client, sometimes called a thin client. The ability to update and maintain web applications without distributing and installing software on potentially thousands of client computers is a key reason for their popularity, as is the inherent support for cross-platform compatibility. Common web applications include webmail, online retail sales, online auctions, wikis and many other functions. Hotel is an establishment that provides lodging paid on a short-term basis. The provision of basic accommodation, in times past, consisting only of a room with a bed, a cupboard, a small table and a washstand has largely been replaced by rooms with modern facilities, including en-suite bathrooms and air conditioning or climate control. Additional common features found in hotel rooms are a telephone, an alarm clock, a television, a safe, a mini-bar with snack foods and drinks, and facilities for making tea and coffee. Luxury features include bathrobes and slippers, a pillow menu, twin-sink vanities, and Jacuzzi bathtubs. Larger hotels may provide additional guest facilities such as a swimming pool, fitness center, business center, childcare, conference facilities and social function services. Resort is a place used for relaxation or recreation, attracting visitors for holidays or vacations. Resorts are places, towns or sometimes commercial establishment operated by a single company. Resorts can be found all over the world, and they continue to appeal to families, couples, and also businesses A reservation system associates a costumer, such as by a personal identifier, with data record relating to a particular facility at a particular property or location. The registration system cooperates with a property management system and alternatively, may also cooperate with a personnel management system. Registration apparatus associated with premises comprising a processor and a memory is operated with user interface for displaying registration information relating to the premises data entry for entering user information. Computers and modern day technologies play a vital role in business management. They help lessen burdens in storing, updating, retrieving and verifying records and information, which important in today’s business world. Virtual tour is a computer presentation of a real place where geometrical properties of space are conveyed to human so that a person feels as if he or she is actually there. It is a simulation of an existing location usually composed of a sequence of video image. They also may use other multimedia elements such as sound effects, music, narration and text. The proposed system is Web-based Hotel and Resort Reservation with virtual tour. It is a web-based reservation where you are going to view the images of the hotel and resort using virtual tour that is composed of sequence of a video of image that can be seen in the home page. In other words it is like a presentation of images that is combined in one file. The system offers easy and convenient way in having a reservation in a resort and hotel. The proposed system also lessens the time in transacting with the employees. Conceptual Framework The conceptual framework presents the design and development of the system. The study made use of Input-Process-Output Model to represent the relationship. The first step is to determine the problems encountered in manual reservation system. Second is to determine if the manual reservation satisfy users in terms of transacting to the costumers. Third is to determine the process of the manual reservation according to the idea and point of view of the costumers. These will give idea to the costumers on how to improve the present Hotel and Resort Reservation System. The researchers will analyze the gathered idea and information about the manual hotel and resort reservation system, to guide the planning, designing which is determine the functions, factors and interface suitable for the costumers, developing and implementing the system. After collecting and analyzing the ideas about the present reservation system was conceptualized, entitled Web-based Hotel and Resort Reservation System with Virtual Tour thus could improve the reservation system faster and easier. Paradigm of the Study INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT * Determine the current practice and problems in manual Resort & Hotel Reservation System. * Compiles forms of employee and customer profile. * Adding additional features. * Constructing of questionnaires.| | 1. Analyzing the current practices of the present manual system. 2. Enhancing additional features. 3. Implementing the use of the system. 4. Planning, designing and developing the proposed system. 5. Testing the System.| | Web-based Hotel and Resort Reservation System with Virtual Tour.| FEEDBACK| Figure 1.1 – Paradigm The diagram shows and describes the process undertaken by the researchers in developing system. The input shows the methods used to identify the problems encountered using the existing system. The researchers conducted surveys and interviews. The process analyses the gathered information that has been established the feasibility of the study. After the completion of the study, testing is conducted to see the reliability and effectiveness of the proposed system The output of the study is a Web-based Hotel and Resort Reservation System with Virtual tour. The Statement of the Problem This study is conducted to determine the problems in this study. 1. How will this system help the management and the staff to have accurate service at the same time to monitor the records of the customer? 2. How will the system be designed, developed and implemented? 3. What are the problems encountered by the management in reservation of costumers? 4. Is the proposed system efficient in generating reports? 5. How effective is the proposed Web-based Hotel and Resort Reservation System with Virtual Tour in terms of: * User-friendliness * Reliability * Value-added * Portability * Usability * Integrity Hypothesis The researchers conclude that there is a significant difference between the computerized and the present system. 1. The computerized system helps users perform their tasks faster and easier. 2. It increases the efficiency of generating reports and processing of the other transactions. 3. The system is developed and designed with a user friendly environment to help the user saves time and effort in performing their tasks. 4. The system will provide protection against unauthorized user to maintain data integrity. Statement of Assumption It is initially assumed that the new system will be more efficient, more accurate, more precise, faster and more productive than present system. The proposed system will lessen the wrong input of data records. The proposed system will provide better utilizations of users and effort to reduce redundancy of data to help user save time, be a better utilization of employees to reduce redundancy of work and effort, and be user-friendly and will serve as a tool for easier and quicker way of handling data and information. Scope and Limitation This study is conducted to know the reason behind the proponents on how the proposed system will help the Hotel management. Resort & Hotel Reservation System is fully scalable and designed to provide extensive flexibility and varied choices. Typical Resort & Hotel and ecommerce & Hotel system software reservation solutions currently in place in available today are technically designed to achieve only one objective function, which is to connect buyer to seller. This study mainly focused on providing retailing business application using computerized system that enables business to track services and aims to provide accurate and reliable process on every transaction especially in a resort & hotel reservation. This study looked into a better impact of using technology today on how it affects our daily lives especially for being the customer. With this studies it can help our beneficiaries to know the difference of using manual system to a computerized generation today, prioritize is to prove and to give them the right information. Resort and hotel reservation system is designed to manage all types of hotel booking, made directly by guest. The Resort & Hotel Reservation System will allow you to dynamically control most of your Resort & Hotel Reservation. This study is limited to those people who are connected to the internet. You can use any web browser in order to access the web-based reservation system. It can also be accessed through your mobile phone, as long as your phone can access the internet. This study will be tested at AMA Computer College to be able to have a feedback on other people about the proposed system. Significance of the Study The proposed study is a web-based system with virtual tour that would improve the manual system transaction of the Hotel & Resort such as securing the important files and record the company, the list or profiles of incoming costumer, and for faster and easier way of storing, updating, retrieving and verifying records and information. The result of the study will be beneficial to the following: The Manager of the Company. The Manager of the company has more organized and systematic way of recording and accessing all the important records of the company. The Front Desk Officer. The proposed system could make the task of the front desk officer easier and convenient in terms of generating reports the officer could provide accurate and efficient reports. The Costumer. The web-based reservation will minimize the transaction time consumed transaction of the costumers. The billing record of a costumer will be placed in a secured database. The Future Researchers. As developers of system the future researcher can develop more for the future to be modernized and more advance in web-based reservation. The Researchers. The researchers learn on how to manage and choose the proper things to do to make the system work and also to have determination and discipline as in their future profession. The AMACC Santiago Campus. The proposed system will help the school to promote the courses offering. Definition of Terms Technical Terms CBA- Cost and benefits of project have analyzed and assessed in an economical analysis. A distinction can be made between project costs, project benefits and the following life cycle. ERD- An entity-relationship(ER) diagram is a specialized graphic that illustrates the interrelationships between entities in a database. Flow chart- A flowchart is a type of diagram that represents an algorithm or process, showing the steps as boxes of various kinds and their order by connecting these with arrows. Gantt chart- Gantt charts illustrate the start and finish dates of the terminal elements and summary elements of the project. HIPO- HIPO for hierarchical input process output is a â€Å"popular 1970s systems analysis design aid and documentation technique† for representing the modules of a system as a hierarchy and for documenting each module. Internet- Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to serve billion s of users worldwide. Software Development Life Cycle(SDLC)- This is a structure imposed on the development of a software product. An outline of a process that helps develops successful information systems. Technology- Is a broad term that refers to both artifacts created by humans, such as machines, and the methods used to create those artifacts. Software Engineering- It refers to systematic application of scientific and technological knowledge, through the medium sound of engineering principles, to the production of computer programs and to the requirement definition, functional specification, design description, program implementation, and test methods that lead up to this code. Efficient- Performing, functioning in the best possible manner with the least waste of time and effort. Virtual Tour- Is a simulated first person view of an actual location by viewing a series of 360 degree panoramic images. Web Application- A site behaves like software or may also mean a computer software application that is hosted in a browser-controlled environment. Hotel- Is an establishment that provides lodging paid on a short-term basis. Resort- Is a place used for relaxation or recreation, attracting visitors for holidays or vacations. Resorts are places, towns or sometimes commercial establishment operated by a single company. Textbox-A kind of widget used when building a graphical user interface (GUI). A textbox’s purpose is to allow user to input text information to be uses by the program. Operational Tools Computer- Computer is a general purpose device that can be programmed to carry out a finite set of arithmetic or logical operations. Database- Database is a structured collection of data. The data are typically organized to model relevant aspects of reality (for example, the availability of rooms in hotels), in a way that supports processes requiring this information (for example, finding a hotel with vacancies). Java Script- JavaScript (sometimes abbreviated as JS) is a scripting language commonly implemented as part of a web browser in order to create enhanced user interfaces and dynamic websites. GIMP- GIMP is an acronym for GNU Image Manipulation Program. It is a freely distributed program for such tasks as photo retouching, image composition and image authoring. System- Set of data or program that is being use or the web-based itself. About Us- A button that will display the information about the proposed system. Home Page- The main page or the first page of the proposed system, the client can view the company’s information. Security- This is the process of protection of one personal transaction or data that is being use personally and data that is protected. Admin Page- This is where the authorize person edit, add, delete or manage the web page. Register- This is being use in order to have a record in the system, the client should input the necessary information that is being asked Back-up- Copy of files that is being saved or extra files that is saved and it will be used if the data is lost. Contact us- This part is about the company how the client will contact them and the location of the company. System Software-This operating system and utility programs used to operate and maintain a computer system and provide resources for application programs such as word processor and spreadsheets. Graphical User Interface- Is a type of user interface which allows people to interact with a computer and computer allows people to interact with a computer and computer-controlled devices which employ graphical icons, visual indicators or special elements called â€Å"widgets†, along with text labels or text navigation to represent the information and actions available to user. Parallel Conversion- In this study, parallel conversion is used in activating the system through parallel operation both the present and the proposed system. This is a conversion method that avoids some of the risk of direct conversion because the old system remains in service while some or all of the new system is activated.

Elem Klimov's Dobro pozhalovat, ili Postoronnim vkhod vospreshchen Essay

Elem Klimov's Dobro pozhalovat, ili Postoronnim vkhod vospreshchen (Welcome, or No Unauthorised Admittance) is one of the - Essay Example In his last letter "Apogia" of a Madman, in essence, he recanted having said that Russian was the equivalent of a "headless horseman". The letters were written over a period of 5 years. There was a transitional change of thought as the dynamics of the country changed. He was highly influenced in how the Russian Elite interpreted his letters. He changed his analysis and philosophical thinking. The first part of this report will explain his philosophical thoughts in 1829 . The 2nd part of this report will explain the "Apogia" concentrating only on his change of philosophical thought. To conclude, the author will explain how a blank sheet of paper becomes a clean slate. Everything in this world can be taken from both sides. Comparing a country to a blank piece of paper is as though you are comparing a history book to empty pages. "Russia has given nothing to her people and to the rest of the world" As each western country went through the process of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, each developed individual cultures, languages and history. The Catholic Church was contingent on Western Nations succeeding. The Russian Orthodox Church kept the pagan customs and the superstitious ways. The control the Orthodox Church held kept the agriculture nation from advancing. Chaadeav expresses two different points of view which are somewhat contradictory. If Russia were such a backward nation and a "blank sheet of paper", how could she possibly be adept at opening up to the West. Russians have the energy and the will to succeed. "Only pure feelings can issue from this pure source" Each nation goes through a cultural, religious and a social renaissance, the Russians went from paganism to foreign domination. Russian history has nothing in common with the necessary development of a civilized country. He received incredible criticism for his opinion of the Russia Utopia. Peter the Great had done so much in the previous century. For a century all science, technology and architec ture came from Western Europeans. Personal development comes with organization of the nation. A country without her own personal history, is a body of land in chaos. The renaissance of each nation is the adolescence of the people. Russia has had no Renaissance and therefore was still considered a child who depended on his parents for survival. His analogy that Russia is unlike any nation which has no history which has no culture nor Renaissance leads to reasoning that the control the church had over Europe must have been a positive effect over the growth and development of the sciences and culture of the different nations. He is hard on his country. He never once mentioned the different needs of Russia and European countries. In Europe, the need of justice, and order was more prevalent as the cities were closer together and commerce had been established for centuries. The last letter is entitled an apology. If Russia put forth an effort due to her strong will, Russia had the potenti al to be a major player in the future. In this letter, he explains or recants that Russia could not go through the middle ages that Europe went through because of the level of social progress Europe had attained in the 18th century. Europe had lived through the Renaissance in Art, Music, Architecture and Literature. There was an advancement of science. Russia had a choice of assimilating the progress of the Renaissance or stay in the dark ages. Chaadaev used the example that Russia was a white piece of paper where he proposed a solution as

Terms in Strategic Planning and Capital Budgeting Essay

Terms in Strategic Planning and Capital Budgeting - Essay Example This formula is best used in analyzing the profitability of a project. NPV provides a value that when it turns positive project should be accepted, or rejected when the value is negative. A negative NPV produces a negative cash flows. NPV is also an ideal calculation when deciding on two projects, or comparing between them gives alternatives NPV is based on future cash estimates of the project that could be different from actual results and the difficulty of computing when the cash flows are uneven yearly. Another problem related to NPV is the use of discounting and selection of rate because different rates provide different values. Payback period is an accounting tool that is used to measure the time it will take to recover the original investment. The decision rule here is to accept the project if the payback period is less than projected.(Accounting Explained) This formula is easy to calculate and is one of the simplest tools for measuring profitability. It is also a good measure in ranking projects that would return money easily. For instance, the payback period of a project requiring $100 million dollars and is expected to generate a $5 million return for 5 years: Since expected cash flows are estimates, it is possible that there is a certainty that what is projected will not be the probable result. It could also suggest that there would be an uneven distribution of expected cash flow. This is due perhaps that changes in business are continuous and substantial. We should remember that in business, the product, the consumer, the competition, and the workforce today are very much different from ten years ago, and we cannot predict the outcome of the economy. In addition, this model does not take into account cash flows that occur after payback period is reached.

Why did the majority of Americans still support President Kennedy Essay

Why did the majority of Americans still support President Kennedy after the failure of the Bay of Pigs invasion - Essay Example Kennedy dared to do what many of his predecessors failed to do. Kennedy put an end to different types of discrimination prevailed in the US society. US people values him for his contributions in spite of his faulty decisions like the Bay of Pigs invasion. In the early years of 1960s, inequality was very much prevalent in US society. Blacks were segregated in the society. Blacks could not dream of government positions those days. Blacks constantly encountered discrimination in private as well as public facilities. Blacks were forbidden from eating with whites in restaurants. They were not allowed to drink in the drinking fountains that whites use. They could not use the same bathroom used by Whites. Blacks had no permission to use the front seat of buses. Blacks occupy the back seats when whites occupy the front seats. Blacks live in the downtrodden areas as whites live in the rich suburban high quality areas. Blacks had no role in democracy as they were not allowed to vote. There wer e separate schools were Whites and Blacks. The story is different once the Civil Rights Act of 1964 came into existence1; full credit to John F. Kennedy. Failures like Bay of Pigs invasion could not undermine the popularity of this president of the United States. Civil Rights Act of 1964 has contributed much in removing unfairness from the society. Many are the achievements of President Kennedy that made people consider him as a good president. His contribution in lessening racial discrimination is noticeable. His eyes could see the inequality in the society of America. In the Presidential Inaugural address he made in 1961, he had sworn to put an end to racial discrimination. While he was occupying the office he offered federal positions to several black people. He is the first US president to give such statuses to black people. He appointed nearly 40 black people to various administrative posts like Associate White House Press Secretary, Administrator of the Housing and Home Financ e Agency, and Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs. He also appointed five black judges in the federal position. This brought a solace to Black Americans as they started expecting better positions in higher levels. President Kennedy’s attempt to uphold the negatively privileged people is memorable. Kennedy put an end to the discrimination in bus travel. A Supreme Court Decision of 1960 stated that segregation would be considered illegal in bus stations that were meant for interstate travel. Civil rights activists began to do Freedom Rides. According to this, Freedom Riders, black people and white people will travel together in buses to check if the new law is successful. In certain locations like Alabama, negative-minded people attacked Freedom Riders as they refused the new law. President Kennedy upheld the Freedom Riders. Later in 1961, civil rights was further implemented by Interstate Commerce Commission by making the seating in interstate buses equal to both whites and blacks. Color, creed or race differences were eliminated in the seating rules. Moreover all terminals were integrated. According to this development people can sit in any seat they want irrespective of how they appear, what color they are and whatsoever they believe in. President John F. Kennedy attempted to end discrimination in various sectors of the society. His attempts of ending discrimination in housing are memorable. Housing segregation always remained as a curse in US society. It was a major civil rights issue in the 1960s. Black people lived in the poor neighborhoods where no developmental activities would be performed. Whites lived in separate prosperous

Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) - Essay Example cal and measurable approaches, to diminishing poverty around the world, while improving education, health, and other crucial social aspects of people’s lives. Some of the specific goals defined included eradication of extreme poverty and hunger, with the primary aim being to pave way and bolster education for all. Another MDG that is discussed in further detail in this report is the achievement of universal fundamental education. The UN initially set the timeline for achievement of these and other MDGs as a decade and a half, meaning that signatories to the organization were expected to attain stipulated objectives by 2015. Having ushered in 2015, it is imperative to assess whether these MDGs have been achieved and the barriers that have impeded successful implementation in some environments, such as access, quality, cost, and stability in respective nations. According to a report by UNICEF (2010), countries around the globe were fairly successful in alleviating poverty half a decade earlier than the projected year. The diminished poverty levels were evident from the significant decrease in proportion of people living under the poverty line. For instance, in 2010 about 21% of the populace in developing countries sustained themselves with the minimal 1.25 USD per day or lower. During the 1990s this population percentage was at 43%, showing that it halved by 2010 thus demonstrating significant poverty reduction. More than a billion individuals internationally still live in life-threatening poverty, and many of them experience deprivation and are susceptible to ecological or price shocks. Under nutrition remains one of the most serious global issues but least talked about public health challenges. Nearly one-third of offspring in emerging countries are underfed or diminutive (low height that does not match with age), and under nutrition acc ounts for one-third of all infant deaths. The World Bank Group is operating with the global community to end life-threatening

Frida Kahlo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Frida Kahlo - Essay Example The essay "Frida Kahlo" analyzes the art and life of Frida Kahlo. She wasn’t a very fertile artist: her heritage contains about 143 works, 55 of them being self-portraits. Through all her life painting was the method of survival, the only way she could tell about her sufferings and pains. As you know, at the age of eighteenth she got into a very serious accident when riding in a bus. A metal rod pierced her from abdominal down to the region of hips, damaging her genitals and depriving of the ability to bear children. Numerous fractures and other injuries actually crippled this tiny woman, who managed to rise on her feet again. As the consequence of the crash Kahlo went through 35 operations and suffered awful pains and health problems all her life. The woman never lost her spirit, painting the major support in troubles. The work I have chosen is one of self-portraits. It is called The Love Embrace of the Universe, the Earth, Me, Diego, and Mr. Xolotl.It is one of Kahlo’ s late works, dedicated to her relations with Diego Rivera. Frankly speaking, it is not quite clear who is Mr. Xolotl. Perhaps it is a big animal sleeping in the foreground of the picture just in the black right hand of the Universe. It is a very philosophical and lyrical painting, demonstrating surrealistic preferences of Kahlo. The Universe and the Earth (Mexico) are personified. The Universe is a big human, which is neither man nor woman, the right part of it being black, which symbolizes both night and black race.

Government (social contract theory and redistribution of wealth) Essay

Government (social contract theory and redistribution of wealth). Chose one of them - Essay Example I am more inclined to believe that man by default is good and influenced by his or her environment where he can be better or slide into misery, as Hobbes argues. Misery and chaos are not the natural conditions of man but, rather, the blank state or tabulasa rasa subject to the condition and influence of the society, environment and government. Hobbes’ argument about the basis of government is also flawed, as per the statement that government is formed by its citizens’ giving up some of its destructive rights to have a government. While it may be partially correct that people must cede or limit some of their freedoms to achieve order, it does not necessarily mean giving up their freedom. Simply, government was not created on the basis of men agreeing not to kill or rob each other; rather because it is better for them if there is a government to set the direction of what the ideal behavior in society is and to protect their rights and freedom. Locke Locke agreed with Hobb es in the fundamental need for a government. They, however, differ in the reason and principle for forming such government. For Locke, government is created by people who agree to bind together and form a government who would look after them for their protection and security of their lives, properties and their freedom. I am inclined to agree with the proposition of Locke because, unlike Hobbes, Locke’s philosophy is hinged on morals where people agreed to bind each other for their mutual protection and security and not because they cannot be left on their own as they are chaotic and miserable, as what Hobbes contended. One of the many facets of Locke’s argument I like is his idea of the basis of government’s legitimacy. I believe he started the idea of democracy. For Locke, government must have the consent of the governed to preside over them. This principle is the basis why we have elections and why the elected officials are beholden to the people and why the people are sovereign compared to the old principle of Divine Right of Kings where kings ruled even without the consent of the governed. This idea of Locke that the government must have the consent of the governed has also its safeguard mechanism against the abuses and incompetence of the government. In cases where government and its officials are abusive, incompetent or corrupt, the governed can hold them accountable during elections by not voting for them, thus, removing them from office. In extreme cases, it is possible to even change the government itself through revolution, as what we have seen in many countries where dictators were toppled because the governed no longer wanted authoritarian rule. Above all, I agree with Locke’s social contract because the Declaration of Independence which is the basis of our government was based on Locke’s social contract theory. Without Locke’s idea of social justice, America as a society will be something else, which coul d be far from the ideal and not what it is today. II. Government responsibility for the citizens I am more inclined to believe in Rawl’s theory of justice. In Rawl’s theory of justice, he advance two kinds of justice, one of which is the merit theory;as the title suggests, it rewards the person depending upon one’s contribution to society. The other one which is more applicable to this case is the need theory which posits that

United States industrial relations Research Paper

United States industrial relations - Research Paper Example The government ensures a peaceful coexistence of employers and employees and their representatives for a peaceful society. The management on the other hand, ensures business prosperity by managing labor costs, company profitability as well as productivity. In maintaining such goals, employers often conflict with employees regarding work conditions and it is the duty of worker representatives or trade unions to ensure the rights of workers are not infringed. They therefore fight for; safe work conditions, wages and benefits and against unfair labor practices. Industrial relations have a long history which is the basis of the current labor environment in the United States. Several labor movements or trade unions have developed over time from craftsmen associations to amalgamated unions and international unions and continue to fight for workers rights to date as work environment changes due to globalization. Change in government leadership also affects industrial relations. Various presidents and congressmen have different views regarding labor issues; some are sympathetic to workers plight while others are less concerned hence numerous legislations have been passed which dictate the nature of relationship between employers and employees and their representatives. These legislations have a bearing on the current labor environment in the United States. ... They deal with employees of a certain locality or region. The national unions on the other hand, handle labor issues at a national level. The local unions serve as branches of the national union. The national unions are broader in nature in that they incorporate workers of all regions. The local and national unions fall under the labor federations; they incorporate all the unions. They control the activities of all unions hence give the labor movement direction. Sometimes unions cross the boundaries and unite with unions worldwide due to globalization to deal with international labor issues (Budd, 2006). Fuller (2011) also notes that the number of unionized staff has been declining over the years. He attributes this to; management attitudes towards unions move from manufacturing to service jobs which don’t require skills as well as increase in part-time jobs which make organization of labor difficult. Budd (2006) attributes the decline of union membership to the introduction o f management friendly practices such as the human resource management which emphasize on worker empowerment through participation and involvement in management practices such as decision making and workplace flexibility which is achieved through team work instead of job designations. Unions are also encouraged to work in partnership with management so as to achieve efficiency. The government also restricts union growth by passing labor laws which protect the rights of workers hence reducing the importance of unions. Workers need not to join trade unions to achieve their rights. Labor in early America was characterized by the existence of European immigrants, African slaves, long working days, low wages, control of the industry by craftsmen and journeymen. Skilled